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Ferrous Fumarate: Key Chemical Properties and Applications

Ferrous fumarate is an iron supplement widely used in pharmaceuticals and food fortification due to its high bioavailability and stability. Understanding its chemical properties is essential for optimizing its applications in various industries.

Chemical Composition and Structure
Ferrous fumarate (C₄H₂FeO₄) is an iron(II) salt of fumaric acid. It consists of ferrous (Fe²⁺) ions bound to fumarate anions, forming a reddish-orange or brownish powder. Its molecular weight is 169.9 g/mol, and it has a solubility of 0.14 g/100 mL in water at 25°C, making it less soluble than other iron salts but more stable in acidic environments.

Stability and Reactivity
Ferrous fumarate is stable under dry conditions but can oxidize to ferric (Fe³⁺) compounds when exposed to moisture and air. It decomposes at high temperatures (above 280°C) without melting. The compound is insoluble in ethanol but dissolves in dilute mineral acids, enhancing its absorption in the stomach.

pH Sensitivity
Its solubility increases in acidic conditions (pH < 3), which is why it is often used in iron supplements with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) to improve iron absorption in the intestines. Applications in Industry Due to its high iron content (about 33% elemental iron) and low toxicity, ferrous fumarate is a preferred ingredient in: - Pharmaceuticals – Treats iron-deficiency anemia. - Food Fortification – Added to cereals and flour. - Animal Feed – Enhances livestock nutrition. SEO-Optimized Keywords ferrous fumarate chemical properties, iron supplement stability, Fe²⁺ solubility, ferrous fumarate uses, iron deficiency treatment By leveraging its unique chemical properties, ferrous fumarate remains a vital compound in health and nutrition industries.